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Burnout encompassed a host of medical, psychological, emotional and performance-related issues that can always be affected by individual and coach factors in elite athletes;therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and burnout, mediated by perceived coaching style in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. In this cross-sectional study, 258 elite athletes (M = 22.05 years, SD = 3.08;148 male) participated and completed scales of multidimensional perfectionism, athlete burnout and coaching style. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by structural equation modeling .The results indicate that direct paths perfectionism to burnout, perfectionism to coaching style, coaching style to burnout, and indirect pathways to perfectionism to burnout were mediating by coaching style, significant. The results indicate that during the COVID 19 , athletes who are less able to organize performance standards and expectations of themselves and others, and who are more committed to meeting external demands, are at higher risk of burnout. One could develop coach-education programmes that challenge beliefs regarding the effectiveness of controlling coaching behaviors to reduce perfectionist tendencies and expectations in athletes. In doing so, one might curtail the risk of burnout in athlete during the COVID 19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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This study examined the impact of attitudes toward life, recreational sports values, and workplace risk perceptions on urban development and public well-being under the risk of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. A mixed-method research study was conducted, and 2400 valid questionnaires were collected via purposeful sampling. The questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 statistical software and validated with basic statistical methods and Pearson's correlation analysis. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to collect the opinions of 12 respondents on the questionnaire results, including academics, foreign entrepreneurs and employees, local entrepreneurs and employees, and official institutions. Finally, all the data collected were discussed via triangulation analysis. The survey found that different cities' social and industrial development and job market needs lead to different attitudes toward life, leisure values, and perceptions of job-seeking and employment risks. The smoother a person's growing-up background, the better their learning history, the better their learning and working experience, and the richer their life experience;consequently, positive attitudes toward life, correct leisure values, and positive attitudes toward job hunting and employment can be cultivated. In addition, people with positive attitudes toward life, leisure values, and job hunting and employment can improve their city's economy and environment for sustainable development, thereby improving their quality of life and increasing their well-being.
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Since Covid-19 is an enduring disease that pushed the world to reshape business strategies to overcome the unprecedented situations in all sectors such as the sports industry. Although substantial research has been carried out to inspect this phenomenon globally. Nevertheless, how entrepreneurial initiatives can contribute to tackling the situation is still lacking. This study attempts to uncover the relationships between entrepreneur psychological capital (EPC) and business sustainable performance (BSF). Second, this study strives to reveal the relationships between employee wellbeing (EWb) and BSP. In addition, education is treated as a moderating factor to unfold the relationships among factors, i.e., EPC, EWb, and BSF. Data were collected from eight hundred (n = 800) participants who were associated with the Chinese sports industry from March to July 2022. The results demonstrated interesting and fruitful findings based on SEM statistical model. First, a positive connection was found between EPC and BSF. Second, it found a positive link between EWb and BSF. Finally, the study highlighted a significant moderating impact of education among implicit relationships, i.e., EPC, EWb, and BSF. This study provides insights into entrepreneurship, entrepreneur psychological capital, and employee wellbeing on how it can optimize the performance of a business during and post-Covid-19 era. Besides, certain shortcomings along with future potential lines are reported for future researchers. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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PurposeThis research conceptualises the hallmark event, Melbourne Cup in Australia, as a major sporting brand experience. While numerous studies have explored consumer engagement and experiences in major sporting events, few research studies highlight the negative issues, such as alcoholism, gambling and violence, that may affect consumer engagement and experience. This article addresses the challenges and opportunities of providing immersive and transformative experiences through transformative service research (TSR) approaches when such negative issues are swirling around.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual. It uses the example of Melbourne Cup to illuminate aspects of the conceptual framework.FindingsThe article unpacks a myriad of positive and negative immersive brand experiences and contributes a conceptual framework to understand the sporting brand experience phenomenon and shows how authentically responsible marketing approaches can improve the sport spectator experience.Research limitations/implicationsInsights from the extended TSR framework presents implications for various organisations that are involved with strategic destination marketing approaches. It guides key stakeholders to engage in dialogue and collaborate in order to improve the attendee transformative experience. Inviting collaborators will facilitate the exchange of ideas that will improve event organisation. Consistent approaches among hospitality service providers would improve alcohol service and create a safe environment for attendees. The TSR framework guides players of the experience to engage in meaningful dialogue with a common goal to improve consumer wellbeing. Education and training therefore are key elements in the consumer sporting brand experience.Practical implicationsThe adapted TSR framework offers insights to destination marketers such as sporting agencies, tour operators and sporting organisations/clubs. Marketers may promote bigger sporting events and organise tours via travel agencies and ignore key elements that may influence attendee decision. Destination marketing organisations (DMOs) can use the framework to promote effective planning and the key initiatives that the iconic event is involved with. The framework can be used as a guide to manage similar international events. Events of major or mega size and international reputation need specific frameworks that address crowd behaviours of similar sizes.Originality/valueAn extended transformative service approach is being conceptualised for major sporting brand experiences. Practical implications are also highlighted for DMOs when raising the profile of city brands.
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This study investigated the structural relationship between tourist destination identification and environmental responsibility practices based on the social responsibility activities for visitors of marine sports tourist destinations where domestic travel has been active since COVID-19. Furthermore, we aimed to provide academic and practical implications by investigating the relationship between DSR, a major variable in sustainable marine sports tourism, and ERB. Data from a survey of tourists who participated in marine sports (n = 392) were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes PROCESS macro with bootstrapping procedures. According to the analysis results, it was found that marine sports tourist DSR positively affected destination identification and ERB, and that tourist destination identification positively influenced ERB. Second, it was shown that the effect of the social responsibility of a marine sports tourist destination on ERB is mediated via the influence of tourist destination identification.
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The internet is often thought of as a democratizer, enabling equality in aspects such as pay, as well as a tool introducing novel communication and monetization opportunities. In this study we examine athletes on Cameo, a website that enables bi-directional fan-celebrity interactions, questioning whether the well-documented gender pay gaps in sports persist in this digital setting. Traditional studies into gender pay gaps in sports are mostly in a centralized setting where an organization decides the pay for the players, while Cameo facilitates grass-roots fan engagement where fans pay for video messages from their preferred athletes. The results showed that even on such a platform gender pay gaps persist, both in terms of cost-per-message, and in the number of requests, proxied by number of ratings. For instance, we find that female athletes have a median pay of 30$ per-video, while the same statistic is 40$ for men. The results also contribute to the study of parasocial relationships and personalized fan engagements over a distance. Something that has become more relevant during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, where in-person fan engagement has often been limited. © 2023 Owner/Author.
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Monitoring the SaO2 levels and other respiratory function parameters after recovering from COVID-19 can have essential meaning in the assessment of the efficacy of using physiotherapy methods, including classical massage. Purpose of the research was to assess the influence of an individual classical back massage session as well as the effects of an entire 8-session back massage therapy on SaO2, HR and spirometry parameters in a patient after recovering from COVID-19, with constant monitoring of massage areas' temperature changes. Data and methods. The study comprised a case study of a patient who recovered from COVID-19. The patient was subjected to a classical back and spine massage therapy utilising all the basic techniques. The design was based on the results of the following tests: lung x-ray, SaO2, HR, spirometry parameters, and the 6-minute walking distance test. The degree of the influence of the classical massage techniques was monitored using the infrared thermography. Results. Continuous oxygen saturation monitoring during the massage sessions enabled to observe a decrease in the level of this parameter during utilisation of rubbing and tapotement on muscles of both the right and the left side of the back. During the usage of the intense massage techniques SaO2 dropped maximally to 92-93%. Such decrease was noted after massaging the right as well as the left side of the back, during every massage session. I addition it was found that in the case of the patient who recovered from COVID-19 changing the body position from sitting down to lying down after the massage session the level of tissues saturation decreased. The observed changes in the VA/Q ratio that occurred in response to the 8-session massage therapy lasting for 3 weeks might indicate that better conditions for ventilation and oxygen perfusion at the alveolar surface were reached. This translated in the patient who recovered from COVID-19 into 2% increase in oxygen saturation level after completing the massage therapy. Conclusion. Utilising the intense rubbing and tapotement techniques has to be carefully considered due to their significant influence on decrease in the level of saturation.
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In this article, a multivariate count distribution with Conway-Maxwell (COM)-Poisson marginals is proposed. To do this, we develop a modification of the Sarmanov method for constructing multivariate distributions. Our multivariate COM-Poisson (MultCOMP) model has desirable features such as (i) it admits a flexible covariance matrix allowing for both negative and positive nondiagonal entries;(ii) it overcomes the limitation of the existing bivariate COM-Poisson distributions in the literature that do not have COM-Poisson marginals;(iii) it allows for the analysis of multivariate counts and is not just limited to bivariate counts. Inferential challenges are presented by the likelihood specification as it depends on a number of intractable normalizing constants involving the model parameters. These obstacles motivate us to propose Bayesian inferential approaches where the resulting doubly intractable posterior is handled with via the noisy exchange algorithm or the Grouped Independence Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Numerical experiments based on simulations are presented to illustrate the proposed Bayesian approach. We demonstrate the potential of the MultCOMP model through a real data application on the numbers of goals scored by the home and away teams in the English Premier League from 2018 to 2021. Here, our interest is to assess the effect of a lack of crowds during the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-known home team advantage. A MultCOMP model fit shows that there is evidence of a decreased number of goals scored by the home team, not accompanied by a reduced score from the opponent. Hence, our analysis suggests a smaller home team advantage in the absence of crowds, which agrees with the opinion of several football experts. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in global sustainability, but specifically, this study analyses the impact of lockdown on health and behavior in the game of football. The 2020/2021 Italian football competitive season (indicated as "post-COVID”), taking place following an obliged lockdown and longer than the normal summery season break, was characterized by very short recovery times and was compared to the 2018–2019 "pre-COVID” season, which had a regular course. The comparisons were about anthropometric and hormonal responses, muscle damage, and the physical performance of players in the major league (Serie A), and were made considering two extreme points of the competitive seasons: before the preparatory period (T0) and at the end of the season (T1). Turning to the results, it is significant to note the following: (1) body fat percentage was lower at the start (T0) of the post-COVID season than at the start of the pre-COVID season. During both seasons, serum CK and LDH increased in T1 and were significantly higher in both T0 and T1 of the post-COVID season. (2) Cortisol and testosterone concentrations increased in both seasons from T0 to T1;however, in the post-COVID season, concentrations of both were higher than in the previous season. The testosterone to cortisol ratio increased at the end of the pre-COVID season, whilst strongly decreasing at T1 of the post-COVID season. (3) Blood lactate concentrations significantly decreased during the pre-COVID season but remained unchanged during the post-COVID season. We may conclude that the enforced suspension period and the consequent rapid resumption of all activities influenced the physical and physiological state of professional footballers.
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Historically, fan attendance at sporting events has always been considered an advantage for the home team. The level of fan attendance at soccer matches was evaluated as a decisive effect to modify the performance of the home teams in the most important soccer leagues around the world. We exploit the effects of the absence of spectators driven by COVID-19 pandemic mitigation policies. We find that the advantage of the home field, measured by the proportion of wins and also by the numbers of goals and points scored, is remarkable in many leagues. We performed comparative hypothesis tests with eight of the world's top soccer leagues, confirming a decrease in the probability of a home win, greatly affecting the matches´ outcomes. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Soccer & Society is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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As the global sustainable development agenda advances, having a healthy lifestyle has become an important part of the common pursuit. Physical activity needs and experiences are becoming increasingly diverse, yet there is a paucity of research on issues associated with university students' physical activity needs, and their perceptions of their physical activity needs and sustainable well-being are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study combines Self-Determination Theory with the existence, relatedness, and growth (ERG) Theory of Needs to explore the mediating effects of different variables on the relationship between university students' physical activity needs and sustainable well-being. A total of 900 Chinese university students were invited through an online survey to participate in this study, and the collected data were validated with a structural equation model. According to the results of the study, it was found that the level of involvement and flow experience in university students' sports activities have a mediating effect on the relationship between needs and sustainable well-being. Therefore, educators can enhance the level of sustainable well-being by stimulating university students' physical activity needs and improving their level of involvement and participation experience.
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Due to the covid-19 pandemic, governments were forced to adopt lockdown policies to effectively control the pandemic. These restrictions increased anxiety, depression, and lifestyle changes. This systematic review aims to analyze changes in dietary patterns in the worldwide population during the COVID-19 lockdown. 11 studies were selected from the 1412 founds after searching in three databases. Searching keywords were: "Change dietary”, "COVID-19 dietary” "Confinement dietary”. Inclusion criteria were: studies that collected people's dietary patterns during the COVID-19 lockdown and recorded the consumption of food groups and the variations in lifestyle habits. This research found that people increased their consumption of food. People increased their sedentary hours, slept more but exercised less, leading to gain weight during the lockdown, as well as a poorer sleeping quality and higher anxiety levels.Alternate : Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, los gobiernos se vieron obligados a tomar medidas de confinamiento para controlar eficazmente el contagio. Sin embargo, después de un tiempo de control al poblado, estas restricciones hicieron la gente tener más ansiedad y depresión, incluso cambiar el estilo de vida.
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What impact has social distancing, which is at its core physical distancing, had on the body and bodily practices in light of the digital society that we live in? What do established theories in the sociology of the body have to say about the societal relevance of bodies, and what kinds of eruptions and confusions have been unleashed by the COVID-19 crisis? This chapter investigates these questions, showing that the pandemic is changing the status of interaction between bodies, which is generated through orders of touch that, in turn, have led to changes in the formation of subjects. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.
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In 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, the COVID-19 pandemic led to unexpected behavioral restrictions, allowing only the individual training of the athletes. The purpose of the present study was to record the effects of a home-based training program on physical performance at a semi-professional level, after the Covid-19 confinement, in terms of external load. Twenty soccer players from one semi-professional team participated in this study. The data was collected by GPS devices, with an accelerometer and gyroscope, and a sampling rate 10Hz. The external load is evaluated by the total distance, the high-intensity runs, the sprint distance as well as the number of accelerations and decelerations. Three matches before and twelve games after the lockdown were analyzed and compared. During the confinement period, the players performed 5-6 training sessions per week. This period lasted over 4 four months. The training sessions were monitored by a free smartphone application. Similarly, the players communicated with the technical staff with a free internet application. The results showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in the total distance covered during the matches after the intervention. No significant increase in high-intensity runs and the number of accelerations were found (p > 0.05). The present data suggest that an intervention monitored by a free application could improve athletic performance at the semi-professional level, even after long-term abstinence from team training such as quarantine or off-season periods. These data might provide affordable solutions to the semi-professional soccer teams, which could be used during the off-season period leading to reduce detraining effects and higher performance in the forthcoming championship.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to profound changes at various levels of society, and sports is not immune to this. It is very important to study and identify the consequences of COVID-19 in different parts of the sports in Iran. The aim of the present study was to identify the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iranian student sports with emphasis on beneficiaries. Methods: This qualitative study was an exploratory research and in terms of purpose was considered as applied research. The statistical population of the study included sports teachers, professors of Farhangian University, managers of the General Office of Physical Education and sports experts of the Ministry of Education which were selected through purposive sampling method. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants to collect information and theoretical saturation was obtained with 17 interviews. To analyze the data, the thematic analysis method was used. Findings: The consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on physical education and sports education consist of four main concepts which include "creating a passive lifestyle, behavioral and social harms, technological-digital development, and family sports”. Conclusion: Considering the results and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to develop appropriate programs to use the opportunities and manage the challenges of the post-COVID-19 era in the field of physical education and sports education for students in Iran. © 2022, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic tested the mental health of young athletes and their coaches, involving everyone in permanent and global uncertainty, forcing them to face adversity, manage emotions and relationships and check health guidelines and new solutions. Objectives: To identify the perceived main changes in sports coaches' social role and psychological functioning produced by the prolonged pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with four coaches specialized in training young athletes from different sports, aged between 34 and 63 years (M=48.0). Results: Priority actions, personal and social resources mobilized, lessons learned, and difficulties experienced while dealing with the various emerging constraints were identified. Conclusion: Considering the adversity experienced, which is recognized as decisive for psychological empowerment, there are some implications: the need to update educational programmes for coaches and psychological intervention with this population.
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This paper aims to determine relationships between 160 matches statistics and the match results in two match stages of 2020 CSL under the COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. A team's winning probability was evaluated by a two-standard-deviation increase in the value of each variable. The smallest worthwhile change was used to evaluate nonclinical magnitude-based inferences. The results showed that for group round robin stage, nine match statistics had clearly positive effects on the probability of winning (Shot, Shot on Target, Shot from Set Piece, Cross Accuracy, Counterattack, Won Challenge, Tackle Gaining, HIR Distance in BP, Sprinting Distance in BP), two had obviously negative effects (Distance Covered in Penalty Area, Sprinting Distance Out of BP), other twenty-three statistics had either trivial or unclear effects. While for the knockout stage, the effects of nine match statistics (Pass Accuracy, Forward Pass Accuracy, Delivery into Attacking Third, Delivery into Penalty Area, Dribble into Attacking Third, Corner, Foul Committed, Yellow Card, Distance Covered in Attacking Third) turned to clearly positive, the effects of Won Challenge, Cross Accuracy turned to trivial and clearly negative, respectively. Coaches and players should take these different aspects into account when planning practices and competitions for their teams. © 2023 SPIE.
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On the other hand, we also sought to identify not only some of the leisure inequalities in the Global South, but also inequalities in leisure research between researchers based in the Global South and those in the Global North. The concept of inequalities has been widely explored in academia and in the leisure literature. It contextualises the debate and focuses on two key points: (1) research on leisure inequalities;and (2) the Global South and inequalities in leisure research. The digital inequality during COVID-19 and the ensuing lockdowns led to differences in leisure opportunities, and such disparities were felt more deeply in the Global South where the gap between social classes is wider compared with the Global North (Clemente & Stoppa, [9]). [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Introduction. Persistent negative mental-emotional experiences and the body's responses to stress may have a negative impact on physical condition and mental-emotional status of students and provoke behavioral disorders. Health-enhancing recreational physical activity helps to cope with the negative influence of stress factors. The study was focused on the prediction of stress-related conditions in students and their prevention through healthenhancing recreational physical activity (HRPA). The aim of the study was to develop predictive models for assessing stress-related conditions among students and to identify the opportunities for their prevention through engagement in health-enhancing recreational physical activity based on the assessment of the relationship between physical activity and emotional status. Material & methods. The study involved 573 higher education students from various regions of Ukraine. The following methods were applied: surveying, statistical analysis using non-linear estimation methods and statistical classification methods based on data mining and machine learning methods, such as neural networks. Results. Statistically significant (p<0.05) logistic binary models were developed and scientifically substantiated, which can be used to predict stress-related conditions among higher education students based on data about their HRPA and behavioral characteristics in a long-term stressful situation. According to the survey data, the military conflict on the territory of Ukraine has provoked the emergence of emotional distress in 80.8% of respondents. It was found that regular engagement in HRPA and an active lifestyle allows predicting the maintenance of emotional well-being among students with a probability of 78.0%. Conclusions. The behavioral disorders in higher education students combined with lack of HRPA during the period of armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine significantly increase their risk of anxiety, aggressiveness, depressive states, and mood swings as well as lead to deterioration in physical condition and mental-emotional status. An active lifestyle, regular engagement in health-enhancing recreational physical activity, and cessation of bad habits increase students' adaptability to the impact of stress factors.